【Abstract】 Kwinkqubo yokusebenza kweyunithi yeplanti yamandla, ukuvuza kweoyile yokuthambisa ye-turbine kuya kwenzeka, okuya kukhokelela ekwandeni.
umxholo wamasuntswana kunye nomswakama kwi-oyile yokuthambisa, kwaye usongela ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza okuzinzile kwe-injini ye-steam.Eli phepha ligxininisa
iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zokucoca ioli kunye nezizathu zazo, kwaye zibeka phambili izisombululo kunye nemilinganiselo yokuphucula ikamva
【Amagama angundoqo】 iturbine yomphunga;inkqubo yokucoca ioyile yokuthambisa;isicoci seoyile;ukuphuculwa komsebenzi
1. Intshayelelo
I-oyile yokuthambisa ye-Steam turbine isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-injini yomphunga, enokuthi idlale indima ekufunxeni ukothuka, ukuhlamba, ukuthambisa kunye nokupholisa iibheringi.Ngexesha elifanayo, inokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukushisa okuthwala.Umgangatho we-oyile yokuthambisa ye-injini yomphunga uya kuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo kuqoqosho kunye nokhuseleko lweyunithi ye-injini yomphunga, ekufuneka iqinisekise ukuba umgangatho, ubungakanani kunye nokusebenza kweoyile yokuthambisa inokulinganiswa ngezalathisi ukuphepha umgangatho wokutshintsha kweoyile yokuthambisa. .Kubaamaziko amandla enyukliya, isicoci seoli sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokugcina isixhobo seyunithi sisebenza ngomgangatho ophezulu.Ke ngoko, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwalo matshini nako kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu.
2 Uhlalutyo lwemposiso eqhelekileyo ye-injini yomphunga yokuthambisa isicoci seoyile
2.1 umgaqo weisicoci seoli
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho we-oyile yokuthambisa esetyenziswa yi-injini ephambili uqinisekisiwe kwaye ufanelekile, isicoci se-oyile siya kubekwa ngaphantsi kwetanki enkulu yeoli.isicoci se-oyile sinokwahlulwa sibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-centrifugal kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu.Phakathi kwabo, umgaqo wokucoca i-oyile ye-centrifugal kukwahlula ulwelo ngokwahlukana phakathi kwezinto ezimbini ezingahambelaniyo, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo, iinqununu eziqinileyo kwisigaba solwelo.Isicoci se-oyile esichanekileyo esinendima ye-capillary edlalwa yinto yokucoca, ukungcola kunye namasuntswana kwi-oyile yokuthambisa afunxwe ngaphandle, ukuqinisekisa ukuba igrisi yokuthambisa inococeko oluphezulu.Kwimeko yokucoca i-oyile echanekileyo kunye ne-centrifugal yokucoca ioli iyasebenzisana, enye into engcolileyo kunye nokufuma kwi-oyile yokuthambisa inokususwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho weoli yokuthambisa ifikelela kumgangatho wokusetyenziswa, ukuze i-turbine isetyenziswe. kwaye ubaleke ngokukhuselekileyo.
Umgaqo osebenzayo olandelwa ngumcoci weoli kukuba: xa ioli yokuthambisa ingena kwi-oyile yokucoca ioli, iya kwenza ifilimu yeoli ezinzileyo kwaye encinci kakhulu.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sobunzima, ioli iya kungena ezantsi kwesitya kwaye ikhuphe umoya kwisitya.Umoya onomswakama ophantsi kunye neoli engcolileyo uya kuvelisa indawo enkulu yokugqoka ifilimu yeoli, ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo lomphunga wamanzi kwifilimu yeoli likhulu kunolo lwamanzi asemoyeni, ngoko ke amanzi kwi-oyile aya kwenzeka into ecacileyo ye-gasification. .Irhasi enyityilisiweyo nezinye iigesi ezikwioyile ziphuphuma zingene emoyeni [3], ize ioli ehluziweyo ibuyele kwitanki enkulu.
2.2 Ukusingatha iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kwinkqubo
Kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwesicoci se-oyile, ezona mpazamo zixhaphakileyo zezi: ① i-alam yomgangatho wolwelo oluphezulu;② ukusilela kokuthatha ioyile kwisikhongozeli;③ ukuvaleka kwesixhobo sokucoca indawo.
2.3 Unobangela wokusilela kwenzeke
Iintlobo zeempazamo eziqhelekileyo ziquka iimeko ezintathu, kwaye izizathu eziphambili zezi mpazamo zezi: ① inqanaba lolwelo lwenqaba kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wolwelo wepani yeoli.Ukuba i-vacuum tower ifunyenwe ngomngxuma we-peep, ingakhokelela ekuveleni kwengxaki yomatshini wokutsiba.② Ukuba i-0.45bar.g ayinakufikelelwa kwimizuzu emi-3 kwindawo yokucoca, ngoko ke isicoci se-oyile siyakuvalwa ngokuzenzekelayo. , kwaye kwisikrini sokubonisa kuyakwenza kwakhona ukukhawuleza, oko kukuthi, "ukusilela kwe-oyile yesikhongozeli".③ Ukuba indawo yokuphuma yesicoci se-oyile ivaliwe, xa umahluko woxinzelelo ufikelela kwixabiso elimiselweyo, inyathelo lokutshintsha uxinzelelo lokwahlukana liyakwenza i-alam. , ukunika umsebenzisi umahluko woxinzelelo oluphezulu lwesihluzi.
3 Uphuculo lwemilinganiselo kunye neengcebiso zeempazamo eziqhelekileyo
3.1 Ukuphuculwa kwamanyathelo okuthintela iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo
Ngokuhlalutya iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zesicoci se-oyile kunye nezizathu zezi mpazamo, kuyimfuneko ukubeka phambili izisombululo ezihambelanayo zeengxaki ukunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini yomphunga kunye nokuphucula imeko yokusebenza kwayo.Okokuqala, ngenxa yengxaki ye-alarm yezinga eliphezulu lolwelo, i-oyile inokuthi ikhutshwe kwaye iphinde iqalise, kwaye ixabiso le-vacuum lingalungiswa ngokufanelekileyo.Ukuba inokuqala ngempumelelo, ixabiso le-vacuum lingaphakanyiswa ngokufanelekileyo.Okwesibini, ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwesitya, emva kokungaphumeleli kokungena kweoli, i-oyile yokucoca kufuneka iphinde iqaliswe, kwaye i-valve yokulawula i-vacuum ilungelelaniswe, ukwenzela ukuba i-vacuum degree kwi-vacuum tower inokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.Enye imeko kukuba kukho iingxaki ze-intanethi, ezifana noluhlu lokuvula i-valve yokungena luncinci okanye aluvulwa.Kule meko, idigri yokuvula i-valve iyadingeka ukuba ilungiswe.Kwezinye izihluzi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, ngenxa yokuba akukho imitha yoxinzelelo oluhlukeneyo, ngoko ke, kunokubakho i-filter element blockage, isisombululo sale ngxaki kufuneka siqhagamshelane ngexesha elifanelekileyo nabasebenzi abafanelekileyo ukulungisa okanye ukutshintshwa.Okwesithathu, kwimbono yengxaki yokuvalwa kwendawo yokucoca, kufuneka kuphela ukubuyisela into yokucoca enokulungiswa.Ukuba into yokucoca ayitshintshwanga ngexesha, unokuqhubeka nokuyisebenzisa iiyure ezimbini.Emva kokuba ixesha lifikile, liya kuvala ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye isizathu siya kuboniswa kwisikrini sokubonisa, oko kukuthi, into yokucoca i-outlet ivaliwe.
Emva kokuba zonke iimpazamo zipheliswe ngempumelelo, imfuneko yokubeka utshintsho kwindawo yokumisa, kwaye emva koko uzalise ukusetha kwakhona kwezixhobo, de kube kuqaliswe ukusetha kwakhona.
3.2 Uhlalutyo lweengcebiso eziphuculweyo
Xa i-oyile yokucoca i-oyile ihluleka, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha iindlela zokujongana nazo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kodwa ukusombulula ingxaki, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuphelisa ukuvela kwale miqobo kwingcambu.Idityaniswe kumava okusebenza afanelekileyo kunye nolwazi, eli phepha libeka phambili amanyathelo achaseneyo kunye neengcebiso zokuphucula ukucoca ioli, ngethemba lokubonelela ngereferensi yesisombululo seengxaki ezinxulumene nomsebenzi osebenzayo.
Okokuqala, amanzi asimahla, intlenga kunye nezingcolisi ziya kufakwa ezantsi kwetanki, enye into yokucoca ioyile iseti embindini wetanki yindawo esezantsi, engeyiyo ukusuka ezantsi kwisikhundla, indawo esezantsi komgama. , ayikwazi ukuya ezantsi kwetanki kunye nesiqulatho samanzi se-oyile ephezulu ngexesha lokutsalwa kwexesha lokucoca, ngoko kufuneka uvule rhoqo ivalve yokuhambisa ezantsi kwetanki, ukuvumela ukungcola kunye nokufuma kunokukhutshelwa ukusuka ezantsi kwetanki.
Okwesibini, isicoci se-oyile siya kukhupha ngokuthe ngqo igesi kwigumbi apho umatshini ukhoyo, nto leyo eya kukhokelela ekubeni ivumba lelampblack kwigumbi likhulu, ukufuma kukwakhulu, kubasebenzi kunye noomatshini abafanelekanga ixesha elide. ixesha lokuhlala.Ukuba abasebenzi basebenza kule ndawo ixesha elide, oko kuya kuchaphazela impilo yabo.Ukuba ukufuma kwegumbi bukhulu kakhulu, ukusebenza kwe-oyile yokucoca kuya kuba nemiphumo emibi.I-oyile yokucoca ioli iya kukhupha amanzi kwigumbi, kwaye iya kutsalwa ngumatshini wesibane phantsi kwesenzo somoya we-air evaporation, phantsi kwesenzo sokujikeleza kwexesha elide, ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini wesibane kuya kuncitshiswa.Kwiiyunithi ezininzi zangoku, i-fan exhaust yizona ndawo eziphambili zokungenisa umoya kwigumbi.Ngenxa yale meko, kucetyiswa ukuba ungeze umqolo womatshini wezibane.Ukuze ukwandise ukungena komoya kwigumbi, kuyimfuneko ukususa i-louver kwi-fan ye-ventilation phantsi kwekhava ye-ventilation yesixhobo sangaphandle, ukwenzela ukuba umthamo we-ventilation unganyuswa.Kwangaxeshanye, kukwanceda ukuvaleka komoya kwigumbi ukuqinisekisa ukuba umoya osegumbini uhlala ukwimeko ecocekileyo necocekileyo.
Okwesithathu, kwinkqubo yokucoca ioli, kuya kubakho umatshini wokutsiba okuphezulu ngenxa ye-foam engaphezulu, ukwenzeka kwale meko kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nemeko ye-oyile yokucoca ngokwayo.Kwinkqubo yokusebenzisa impompo yeoli kwi-oyile, i-foam eninzi ihlala ikhokelela kwinqanaba lolwelo lobuxoki lwe-vacuum tower, kwaye ngaloo ndlela luhamba ngokuthe ngqo.Esi sesona sizathu sixhaphake kakhulu sokuba isicoci se-oyile sitsibe.Ukuze kulungiswe le ngxaki ngokufanelekileyo, i-vacuum ye-vacuum tower ingancitshiswa kwinkqubo yempompo yeoli kwi-oyile, emva koko i-valve yeoli iguqulwe, ukuze incede ukuxazulula le ngxaki, kodwa ukungahambi kakuhle kwesi sisombululo ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kwonyango kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu.
Okwesine, kwinxalenye yokucoca i-oyile evela kumazwe angaphandle, eyakhe akukho imitha yomehluko woxinzelelo, ukuze kungabikho ndlela yokufumana umahluko woxinzelelo lokucoca, kwaye akukho sikhumbuzi esifanelekileyo se-alarm.Kwimeko yomgangatho ophantsi we-oyile, kulula ukwenza i-jam phenomenon, ekhokelela ekutsibeni kwe-oyile yokucoca.Ngaphandle kokongeza imitha, kucetyiswa ukuba uqhube imisebenzi yokucoca rhoqo ukuze ugweme into ephazamisayo kunye nokunciphisa imiphumo emibi ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kokucoca ioli.
Okwesihlanu, xa i-oyile yokucoca iphosakele emva kokulungiswa kwenkqubo yokuqalisa kwakhona, ngenxa yokuba i-granularity yeoli yokuthambisa ayizange ihlangabezane nemigangatho kunye neemfuno, ukusilela kokucoca i-oyile kumatshini wokutsiba, okukhokelela ekubeni ixesha lokulungiswa liqine kakhulu.Ukubaluleka kwesicoci se-oyile kusanda kubonakala, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungeze isicoci se-oyile njenge-backup.Isicoci sangoku seoli sivacuumisicoci seoli, ukusebenza kakuhle kwesihluzi kusezantsi, kodwa kukwavelisa ingxolo eninzi.Ukuba ucinga ukongeza izicoci ezintsha zeoyile, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe ezona zicoci zeoyile ezisemgangathweni kwimarike.Xa ukhetha i-oyile yokucoca, ukusebenza kwayo kunye nefuthe lesandi esinamandla kwindawo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.Ukucoca ioli kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kuzo zonke iinkalo kunokuphepha iingxaki ezahlukeneyo ezibangelwa ukungalingani kwengcinezelo ye-vacuum.Kwimeko yokulungiswa kunye nomgangatho ophantsi we-oyile, unokuphepha impembelelo embi ekusebenzeni kakuhle.
4 Ukuqukumbela
isicoci se-oyile siya kuba nefuthe elithe ngqo ekusebenzeni kwe-injini yomphunga, kwaye ukubaluleka kwayo kuyabonakala.Kolu phononongo, iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezizathu ekusebenzeni kwesicoci se-oyile zihlalutywa, kwaye iingcebiso ezihambelanayo zokusombulula ingxaki kunye neengcebiso zokuphucula isicoci se-oyile zinikezelwe, kujongwe ukubeka isiseko esiluqilima sokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komphunga. iturbine.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-24-2023